Vectran composite uses. In this article, we firstly show Vectran® and .
- Vectran composite uses. Materials and Experimental Procedures 2. Jun 10, 2022 · Vectran is principally used in the building, textile and coating industry. For different needs, the corresponding composite method should be adopted. Usage Vectran fibers are used as reinforcing (matrix) fibers for ropes, electrical cables, sailcloth, and advanced composite materials, professional bike tires, and in electronics applications. In addition, Vectran® fiber has high chemical and impact resistance. The data collected from “smart webbing” could be used for many applications: Herein, blending was used to successfully electrospin composite nanoscale fibers of Vectran with an elastic and biocompatible polyurethane, HydrothaneTM. g. Please click on picture, for a closer view to the fabric's real size. The polymer is mostly used in composites 2040 2050 Time (year) Figure 3. The impact performance is also compared with GF/Epoxy Oct 9, 2024 · The development of ballistic materials has improved very rapidly in the last few years. Shop today! Mar 1, 2018 · Request PDF | On the Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Vectran/Epoxy Composite Material | The mode I fracture toughness associated with fibre tensile failure was investigated for a Vectran/MTM57 Vectran™ is a high-performance multifilament yarn spun from liquid crystal polymer (LCP). Vectran® exhibits several unique properties such as excellent mechanical properties and high abrasion resistance and so on. The successful deposition of the silver nanoclusters embedded in the silica matrix of the composite coating was confirmed by morphological, compositional and structural analysis. It has excellent tensile properties and can be used as an alternative material for ballistic applications, although it is not as widely used as aramids and UHMWPEs. This chemical compound is extremely hard with a high melting point. Jan 22, 2025 · Epoxy composites play a crucial role in modern materials technologies, with their exceptional properties such as high strength and thermal and chemical resistance, making them ideal for a wide range of industrial applications, including aerospace, automotive, construction, and energy. The fiber is five times stronger than steel and offers a unique combination of outstanding properties. The ceramic used in body armor is called aluminum oxide or alumina (Al2O3). This multifilament yarn is spun from a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and is the only commercially available melt-spun LCP fiber in the world. Download scientific diagram | Vectran/aluminum-glass composite hybrid, creep TTS master curves. Inflatable structures are flexible and can be packaged in smaller and more complex shaped volumes, which result in the selection of smaller launch vehicles which dramatically reduce launch costs. Jun 21, 2025 · The fusion of Vectran and Kevlar creates next-gen hybrid fabrics with unmatched strength and durability, revolutionizing industries—but what makes them truly unique? Apr 26, 2021 · The outstanding strength and stability of the aromatic Vectran fiber make it being used in a high-performance purpose including aerospace, military, and industrial applications [14]. Intrastat Number for this Jan 1, 2022 · The Mode I and Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness (IFT) of Vectran/Epoxy composite material were investigated using the Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and 4 End Notched Flexure (4ENF) methods, respectively. In contrast with other composite systems such as carbon and glass fibre, the fracture toughness of Vectran/MTM57 was found to be relatively higher, with up to 48. Ceramic/composite hard body armor continues to grow in popularity, exceeding metal hard armor systems. Composite Materials Fiberglass aluminum fabric along with aramid ballistic fabric and Vectran fabric (a high performance thermoplastic multifilament yarn spun from Vectran ® (Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) liquid crystal polymer) were used to manufacture composite laminated plates (Table 1 lists their D/V Composite is a double braided rope with the inner braided core made of Vectran® high modulus fiber and the outer sleeve of filament polyester. 93% and 68. Our portfolio consists of high performing, robust, reliable, yet lightweight and sustainable core materials with our main focus on PET foam and Balsa wood. What is Vectran? Learn about the properties of Vectran® fiber: its applications, strengths, limitations, finishes & treatments available from Sturges. Organic fibers such as aramid or LCP often leave a rough or ragged edge after net-shape cutting with a high-speed saw because the fibers are difficult to cut. 0 215 103 7,400 Titanium 4. Sep 1, 2018 · Vectran, where considerably lower (about 50% for the S2-glass com- posite and 11% for the Vectran composite) compressive strength re- Dec 31, 2021 · The material tests show an increased material damping due to the use of Vectran and aramid fibers, with a simultaneous reduction in strength and stiffness. Jun 24, 2024 · Both Vectran and Dyneema are used in aerospace and military applications due to their high strength, low weight, and resistance to harsh environmental conditions. 0 May 19, 2010 · In this article, mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) of Vectran-stitched laminated composite is determined experimentally and computa- tionally. The impact performance is also compared with GF/Epoxy Jan 15, 2021 · Recognizing the potential applications of Vectran fibers in the construction of composites used in aircraft constructions, a series of tests was carried out on various properties of composites reinforced with Vectran fibers, and additionally assessed the effect of hybridization of laminar composite reinforcement with the base reinforcement of Sep 26, 2017 · Vectran™ is a manufactured fiber used to make specialty fabric and typically only those with a specific product application know much about it. May 25, 2021 · The aim of this paper is to present a plane-stress damage model based on the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT), developed for polymer fibre-based composite. Cuben fiber is sometimes confused with carbon fiber, one of the many fibers used as a reinforcement in some Cuben Fiber laminates. 1. To realize actual size with precision please observe the threads / cm feature mentioned above. Vectran™ vs. 4 3. High-stiffness yarns were less influenced by increasing pretension during composite fabrication. It’s great because it is not effected by UV as much as kevlar, and won’t change color in light as kevlar does. Vectran is a LCP made from polyester. Based on the conducted research and analysis of their results, it can be stated that the addition of carbon fibers increases the impact strength of a Vectran fiber-reinforced composite as well as its bending and interlayer shear strength. Celanese committed to developing a thermotropic (melt processable) LCP in the mid 1970’s and commercialized the Vectra Jan 1, 2020 · The combination of glued-laminated timber beams with synthetic fibers, glued by an adhesive constituting a composite (FRP- Fiber Reinforcing Polymers), in a context of structural reinforcement has been highly enhanced because of their great advantages over the commonly used types, for instance, steel bars (Soriano et al. Due to the relatively low compressive strength of Vectran material (<10% of its tensile properties), specimens were hybridised by over wrapping Vectran/Epoxy with T800s/M21 to prevent Apr 26, 2021 · Vectran of aromatic polyester is used as a current and less practised material for composite applications [37]. Wonderful abrasion, and puncture resistance. However, they are susceptible to degradation and undergo structural changes when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in service. Here, we investigated the tunable mechanical properties of Vectran LCP short fiber-reinforced soft composites. Mass savings can also be achieved via the use of high specific strength softgoods materials, and the reduced design penalty from launching the structure in a densely packaged state. Cubic Tech Corporation's ultra-high performance flexible laminates were re-branded Structural rehabilitation PBO is the strongest and stiffest of commercially available fibers used to repair and strengthen concrete and masonry structures in externally bonded composite systems. With a focus on durability, Vectran is especially popular with performance cruisers, but due to its inferior stretch resistance compared to pure Aramid, it is not the preferred material for high-performance racers. Supplier directory search3A Composites / Baltek Inc. -based Innegrity LLC offers Innegra™ S PP-based ballistic materials for both hard- and soft-armor applications. Vectran is the latest fibre discovered so its waste management is to be analysed before the waste becomes unbearable. Vectran has been used in space missions, such as the Mars Rover’s airbags, while Dyneema is used in ballistic protection and as a composite material for lightweight armor. The morphologies, mechanical properties, chemical Vectran™ is a liquid crystal polymer fiber that offers high strength, abrasion resistance, and no moisture regain, yielding excellent outgassing properties. This review will map out compressively looking on the possible structure, property, and application of Vectran fiber. The composite fibers (HVC) were examined as a function of the mixing ratio of the polymers and evaluated on the bases of fiber formation, morphology, thermal properties, and mechanical This 100% vectran fabric (in black and natural color) exhibits outstanding mechanical properties that are usually better than aramid. [27] In this system, the fibers are produced in the form of a fabric mesh, and a cementitious mortar matrix bonds this to an existing structure. Colfax, NC We are pioneers and a global leader in sandwich composite technology with more than 80 years of experience. In addition, the proposed constitutive equations Aug 21, 2011 · Vectran thread, (b) stitch used in present resea rch has a spacing of 3mm and pitch of 3 mm Understanding the mechanical behaviour of stitched composites is essential prior to the application of According to the economic and environmental perspective, multifilament Vectran, yarn spun from liquid crystal polymer, is important because of its quite simple processing during spinning in a wide range of injection moulding, extrusion moulding, and melt spinning. 4 1. A modified compact tension specimen was designed and manufactured to mitigate compressive and buckling failure due to the low compressive properties which are an inherent characteristic of Vectran fibres. This process orients the Dyneema Composite Fabric is a laminated fabric constructed from ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber monofilaments and polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, etc. Read about interesting applications of composites in select industries below and check back often as we continue to add new applications to this site. Dec 8, 2022 · Vectran Fiber Based on polyester with an aramid-type molecular structure, Vectran fiber combines the advantages of both materials. It is used for dynamic applications, primarily in the cordage and cable industry. Cut, slash, and abrasion resistance further improve the performance of protective textiles compared to traditional fibers. The proposed numerical model utilises a Apr 1, 1999 · Inflatable composite structures are being investigated because they offer significant benefits over conventional structures for aerospace applications. The method consists of spinning composite TT Blades Database - Glossary of composite materials used in table tennis blades Sep 28, 2024 · During this phase, the focus is on integrating fiber optic sensors into Vectran webbing for inflatable space habitat SHM. 2 229 75 5,300 Vectran™ UM 1. Vectran fiber is an aromatic polyester spun from a liquid crystal polymer in a melt extrusion process. It is the fiber of choice where others fail to meet performance requirements. The projectile impact on the said composite develops [24] the transverse and longitudinal waves used to determine the failure modes. Simpsonville, S. Current research aims to optimize strength-to-weight ratios by using different combinations of Polymer fiber composites are increasingly being used in many industries, including the defense industry. VECTRAN™ is a liquid crystal polymer fiber that Kuraray was the first in the world to produce industrially in 1990. Even my 500$ shears have a hard Oct 1, 2006 · Unidirectional composite preforms with 50 vol% of Vectran® M and 50 vol% of Vectran® HS fibres were produced by filament winding. Extensive experimental works consisting of low and high velocity impact tests have been conducted to examine the load-deflection response and the damage mechanism. In composite applications, Vectran™ offers a unique balance of properties rarely found in synthetic fibers: minimal moisture regain, thermal stability, and excellent impact resistance. Inflatable habitats, airlocks, and space stations can be used for in-space living spaces and surface exploration missions. It is a second-generation super fibre that followed Kevlar® and Twaron®, which are referred to as the first generation of super fibres. Major applications include cut-resistant gloves and clothing, sailcloth, fishing line, tow cables, inflatable structures, heavy-lifting lines, puncture-resistant bicycle tires and cordage. Learn more Transform Vectran TM LCP fiber make sails lighter, stronger, and more weather-resistant. All fiberglass tapes are woven with a selvedge edge that provides uniformity and eliminates fraying. However, Vectran is only used in combination with other materials, otherwise the string could be too hard and thus break. 27% for initiation and propagation, respectively for some carbon fibre composite system; 9. The matrix was reinforced with four different high performing woven fabrics based on carbon, Twaron, Vectran, basalt fibres. The need for robust flexible composites in inflatable and air-supported structures continues to grow rapidly across many industries, including military, aerospace, transportation, and emergency services. Sep 1, 2023 · These composite exhibits high strength when the load is applied along the fiber direction. . Jun 1, 2022 · Vectran® fiber is a high-performance thermoplastic multifilament yarn spun from a liquid crystal polymer [21], which has excellent tensile properties and high modulus. I’ve heard of kevlar and vectran being used to resist impact and i have some experience with kevlar but none with vectran, in fact i haven’t seen it much at all even online. Perhaps most notably, Vectran is used as one of the five layers in NASA's current space suit design, and was the fabric used for the airbags on the Mars Pathfinder and twin Mars Exploration Rover s "Spirit" and "Opportunity" missions Engineered fabrics are often used to reinforce Mechanical Rubber Goods (MRG) In a textile/rubber composite structure, the textile fabric offers the required properties such as tensile strength and rigidity. Available via license: CC BY 4. Inflatable composite structures are typically Vectran fiber, characterized by its golden color, high strength, and modulus, thermal stability at high temperatures, low creep, and good chemical stability, can be used in many various industries Jan 1, 2020 · Composite materials are used to make poles for use in pole vaulting to support athletes in jumping higher. 1 79 52 3,700 Vectran™ HT 1. 26% and 95. However, for protective applications, in addition to high specific strength and stiffness, polymer composites are also required to have a high The user accepts all liability in respect of or resulting from the application, processing, use of, or reliance on, the aforementioned information or products or any consequence thereof. 3 29 A vibration damping measurement system and comparison of vibration damping characteristics for glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and Vectran fiber are found in these figures. Fabric performance benefits from VECTRAN™ include: Key Jan 1, 2024 · Several adhesively bonded joints based on Vectran-based envelope composite are prepared using the hot-pressing method. Body armor can be divided into hard and soft variants depending on the trade-offs between protection levels and wearer agility. Nov 21, 2022 · The increased use of composite materials in a wide spectrum of industries has led to the development of improved predictive techniques, which can aid in the detailed understanding of the behaviour Vectran is a high-strength liquid crystal polymer fiber offering exceptional flex fatigue resistance, perfect for applications needing crystal polymer materials. The aim of this paper is to present a plane-stress damage model based on the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT), developed for polymer fibre-based composite. Body armor plays an important role in protecting individuals during military threats. Jan 15, 2021 · LH 285 epoxy resin with hardener H285 was used as the matrix for all tested composites. The obtained adhesively bonded joints exhibit a failure strength of 3. Anybody have experience with these two materials? Jun 15, 2025 · Role of composite materials in blades in 2017 Page 1 of 2 Go to page 1, 2 Next Page 1 of 2 Go to page 1, 2 Next Dec 18, 2015 · The composite, used in combination with metals, ceramics and other composites for hard armor, enables considerably reduced weight compared with glass-filled composites and at a lower cost than the premium composites. Vectran™ fiber presents exceptional strength and rigidity because the material is five times stronger than Sep 1, 2023 · Subsequently, to enhance the mechanical performance of hybrid composites three different types of reinforcements (Vectran, carbon, and aramid) were tested and the results revealed that Vectran-carbon composite shows higher bending, impact, tensile, and interlaminar strength in comparison with Vectran-aramid and Vectran composites (Fig. It can be used to replace carbon fiber, aramid and hybrid fabrics. These make it a potential material for military and aerospace industries [[42], [43], [44]]. Recognizing the potential applications of Vectran fibers in the construction of composites used in aircraft constructions, a series of tests was carried out on various properties of composites reinforced with Vectran fibers, and additionally assessed the effect of hybridization of laminar composite reinforcement with the base reinforcement of Where Are Composites Used? Composites are used in a wide variety of markets, including aerospace, architecture, automotive, energy, infrastructure, marine, military, and sports and recreation. films. Vectran HS for high strength, vibration damping, low moisture absorption applications. The focus of this work is to investigate the photochemical aging behavior and mechanism of the Vectran® fibers. Inflatable blimps and rovers can be used for advanced missions to other worlds. Vectran™ fiber exhibits exceptional strength and rigidity. The approach uses sensors to capture data throughout an object’s lifecycle. When the staple fiber fabric is added with conductive fibers, the blending method has good equipment adaptability. 10) [111]. Vectran LCP FibreKey Takeaways A new high speed and potentially economical method of creating a composite material and structures there from is rested. Excellent thermal properties simplify fabric processing steps such as scouring, coating, and seaming. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current trends and advancements in epoxy Vectran® fibers are used in aerospace, ocean exploration and development, electronic support structures, the recreation and leisure industry, safety materials, industrial applications, ropes and cables, composites, protective apparel and high-pressure inflatables. On average, the mode I translaminar fracture toughness for Vectran Of course, hard body armor plates can offer much more protection than soft body armor. Apr 13, 2021 · The main applications and uses of Vectran As a company, TAY srl is proud to produce stretch broken yarns and composite yarns using 100% of Vectran or mixed with other fibers or filaments. In addition, the proposed constitutive equations abrasion. Composites were manufactured by using the film stacking technique Custom designed Vectran, Kevlar, and carbon fiberglass tapes are available. Apr 1, 2017 · In this study, we thus fabricated a new cement/polymer/fiber composite by mixing the continuous polymer phase with the cement matrix, followed by implanting oriented Vectran fibers into the cement/polymer matrix. Textile Fiber Development History Several lab scale and trial composite samples have been made to understand the behavior of high performance fiber composites for LTA applications. Jan 1, 2019 · Preliminary tests carried out on the monolithic S2-glass composite and intralayer fibre hybrid T700 carbon/Vectran composite showed that an array of typical CT specimen geometries failed through modes FM1 and FM6 due to the low compressive strength and modulus of this system. Vectran™ LCP fiber offers unique properties as compared to traditional metals in terms of strength-to-weight ratios. Static dissipation devices are recommended with all Vectran products, but especially when Apr 26, 2021 · Vectran fiber, characterized by its golden color, high strength, and modulus, thermal stability at high temperatures, low creep, and good chemical stability, can be used in many various industries Dec 23, 2008 · Hot-knife techniques can also be used with Vectran in rigid composite laminates. Aug 30, 2024 · It was found that variations in the bending stiffness of HTP and carbon fibers significantly impacted the composite bending stiffness more than Vectran and Kevlar fibers under pretension during composite formation. A novel specimen geometry, named the ‘Notched Curved Compact Tension’ (NCCT) specimen (due to its geometrical Sep 1, 2013 · Vectran ® fibers are widely used in military and aerospace industries as high performance fibers. Critical strain energy release rates are me Aug 1, 2021 · The aim of this paper is to present a plane-stress damage model based on the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT), developed for polymer fibre-based composite. Vectran™ is used in a wide range of applications. Vectran™ − for the most demanding applications Vectran™ is Kuraray’s high-performance multifilament yarn spun from liquid crystal polymer. Some of these unique properties were discovered through 20 years of research and development of the polymer Vectra™. Jul 19, 2021 · Vectran is a polyester (polyacrylate) fibre made from polymer with a high degree of crystallinity. In the subsequent consolidation stage the pressure and temperature conditions were properly selected in order that one component (Vectran® M) formed a continuous matrix while the other one (Vectran® HS) retained its fibrous form and most of the original Mar 15, 2017 · In this work, thermoplastic composites based on poly (ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) have been investigated with the aim to elucidate the effect of temperature on static and impact properties. I have used a PW 6oz fabric, and a non-woven batting style. Oct 15, 2018 · The mode I fracture toughness associated with fibre tensile failure was investigated for a Vectran/MTM57 composite system. Hideki Hoshiro, Ryokei Endo, and Forrest E. Vectran M for high impermeability, excellent property retention & low moisture absorption applications. The unique properties of this high-performance Fiber satisfy many of the militaries and aerospace needs of today. 5 1. Vectran is a type of Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) material that is developed from polyester molecules with a regularly oriented structure along the longitudinal direction of fibers. Inflatable space structures have the potential to significantly reduce the required launch volume of large crewed pressure vessels for space exploration missions. VECTRAN™ is used in a wide range of applications. Making use of these features Aug 17, 2016 · As for one of the most important applications, we showed the composite material using Vectran ®. It is a BEACH AND A HALF to cut!!! The best I have found, for both styles of fabrics is a sharp hot-knife. , Carbon refers to composite specimens made from a plain carbon fabric, Vectran-Carbon refers to specimens made from a hybrid vectran-carbon fabric. Vectran™: LCP Vectran™ is a high-performance liquid crystal polymer (LCP) fiber offering a balance of properties unmatched by other performance fibers. Jun 1, 2021 · The present research aims to evaluate the impact performance of novel non-crimp fabrics Vectran/Epoxy composite laminates under low and high velocity impact loading conditions. 6% for initiation and propagation, respectively for S2-Glass/epoxy system. [5]). On average, the mode I translaminar fracture toughness for Vectran Jan 1, 2022 · The Mode I and Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness (IFT) of Vectran/Epoxy composite material were investigated using the Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and 4 End Notched Flexure (4ENF) methods, respectively. VECTRAN™ is Kuraray’s high-performance multifilament yarn spun from liquid crystal polymer. Sloan Abstract Vectran® is a high-performance multifilament yarn spun from liquid crystal polymer (LCP) which is the only commercially available melt spun LCP fiber in the world. A light weight flexible Vectran® based trial material for a high altitude application was produced and evaluated with promising results. Dec 2, 2021 · In the following assessment, the specimens are referred to by the types of fibers used, e. Nowadays, carbon fibers are reinforced with E-glass and S-glass materials. Inflatable heatshields, decelerators, and airbags can be used for entry, descent and landing applications. Available in white or black, the resultant finished braid has very low elongation and creep, high strength and the feel and handling of a polyester double braid. T97 is non-conductive by design, and may cause the fiber to balloon and tangle due to stati buildup. The interface between Vectran fibers and the composite matrix can be enhanced by the polymer phase in the system. A flexible composite made with Vectran fiber is due to its ability to experience low radius bending under a repeated bending cycle by protecting the fiber strength than a comparatively high-performance liquid crystal polymer para Feb 13, 2023 · Although many materials have been used to prepare composite fibers, mechanical characterization of soft composites reinforced by LCP short fibers has received little attention. 1,2 from publication: Combined effects of kink bands and hygrothermal conditioning on They are used as reinforcing (matrix) fibres for rope s, cable s, and advanced composite material s, professional bike tires, and in electronics applications. from publication: Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response Mar 6, 2018 · Use a blended braid Vectran® or Spectra® line for the halyards, jib sheets, and guys. traditional materials Material Density(g/cm3) Tensile Strength(GPa) Specific Strength(km*) Tensile Modulus(GPa) Specific Modulus(km**) Vectran™ NT 1. Our precision cut Vectran® fibers are offered in different sizes and available in a variety of quantities that meet your needs. Sep 15, 2019 · In this study, woven Vectran™ fabric was coated with an antibacterial silver nanoclusters/silica composite coating by means of radio frequency co-sputtering technique. Due to the relatively low compressive strength of Vectran material (<10% of its tensile properties), specimens were hybridised by over wrapping Vectran/Epoxy with T800s/M21 to prevent The tensile properties of VECTRAN™ LCP fibers enable lightweight reinforcement and ultra-thin scrims and veils. Dec 16, 2021 · Vectran: Vectran is an LPC aramid (high-strength synthetic fibers with increased temperature resistance (PPTA) and melt-spinnable polyaromatic fibers (LPC)) and has no stretch and no creep when the string is pulled out. Enhance Vectran TM LCP fiber contributes exceptional strength and resilience to high-performance lines. Inflatable softgoods structures have been Vericut Composite Simulation (VCS) uses the posted information from VCP to check for machine issues or interferences Direct robotic programming instructions through G-code For complex parts, typical procedure includes computer simulation and slow dry run to ensure the simulation matches reality Download scientific diagram | Mechanical properties of various Vectran TM fibers and Kevlar Õ KM2-600 tows. Pound for pound, Vectran™ fiber is five times stronger than steel and ten times stronger than aluminum. VECTRAN™ shows not only extremely high tenacity, but also unique properties, such as “low water absorption”, “dimensional stability”, and “high abrasion resistance”, which come from special characters of liquid crystal polymer. Use, when it has antistatic properties, it also advertises its antistatic function, which plays a role in marking, such as antistatic overalls fabrics. Jan 1, 2020 · In this context, this work intends to provide information via experimental procedure to understand the mechanical behavior of glued-laminated beams reinforced with a composite of Vectran fibers, through stiffness and strength results obtained from bending tests. Avoid using polyester for these high-load applications so that you don’t have to get extra-large diameters. The failure modes, such as shear plugging, matrix cracking, and delamination [25], were also the source of energy absorption. The proposed numerical model utilises a damage mechanics methodology coupled with fracture mechanics to predict composite failure, particularly under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. The fibre is five times stronger than steel and offers a unique combination of outstanding properties. In this article, we firstly show Vectran® and Jan 15, 2021 · Request PDF | Properties of multi-layered polymer composites with Vectran fiber reinforcement | or several decades, there has been a particular interest in the use of composite materials in the The first use of Vectran fiber was for demanding and specialized for military applications. 57 MPa, which is more than twice that of the welded envelope composite joints. It is the fibre of choice where others fail to meet performance requirements. C. 2. plwyar babnthh trab zzuy ydiimu citwkn jucyqujp ctlmsiq juu xhus